Body composition corresponds to the distribution between fat mass, muscle mass, and water in the body, providing a much more relevant evaluation than weight alone or BMI.
Bioimpedance (Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, BIA) is a non-invasive and painless method for analyzing these compartments. It relies on how body tissues react to an alternating electrical signal of very low intensity, imperceptible to the individual.
This response depends notably on tissue hydration and on the properties of cell membranes. By integrating these parameters into validated prediction models, BIA allows for the estimation of fat-free mass and its associated compartments, notably muscle mass and total water.
Bioelectrical Impedance Spectroscopy (BIS) goes even further: it measures the body’s electrical response over a wide spectrum of frequencies, allowing for a finer characterization of fluid compartments and cellular properties (such as membrane capacitance and characteristic frequency). This spectroscopic approach improves the physiological robustness of the model and provides direct quality control thanks to the analysis of signal coherence across the entire spectrum.
Thanks to their simplicity of use and the speed of obtaining results, BIA and BIS provide essential information on nutritional and hydration status, constituting reliable tools for clinical follow-up and health monitoring.
BIA is strongly correlated with total body water, which allows for the precise estimation of fat-free mass using predictive equations. However, since adipose tissue is very poorly linked to the measured parameters, its direct estimation is less reliable. Thus, there is a scientific consensus to calculate fat mass by difference, by subtracting fat-free mass from total weight, in accordance with the body compartment model.
The accuracy of a BIA measurement depends on several technical and physiological parameters. Among the most determining are the quality of contact between the electrodes and the skin, the body position during the measurement, and the connection mode used by the device.
Hand-foot analysis for a consistent whole body measurement.
54 measurement points, instant quality control.
No simplified deduction: each compartment is calculated independently.
Tetrapolar method and algorithms validated by literature.
The contact points determine the signal path in the body and therefore the compartments actually traversed. Depending on the combination used (hand-hand, hand-foot, foot-foot), the measurement provides information on a different body volume.
Homogeneous distribution of fluids after 15–20 min
Stable, fast, and reproducible position
Distribution of fluids towards the lower body
Aminogram devices allow for measurement in the sitting or lying position, with or without cable, in order to combine simplicity of use and clinical precision.
The sitting position, easy to implement, is perfectly adapted to routine consultations. The lying position, on the other hand, offers an ideal environment for the most fragile populations and for evaluations requiring optimal fluid stabilization.
Pour réaliser une mesure, deux modes de connexion peuvent être utilisés :
BIA measures the electrical response of tissues, influenced by hydration and cell membranes. This response varies according to the frequency of the current:
It is this variation that allows distinguishing fluid compartments and improving analysis precision.
Spectroscopy, based on the Cole-Cole model, offers a finer reading of cellular properties and real-time quality control, ensuring the reliability and consistency of each measurement.
The electrical parameters measured in BIA (impedance, resistance, reactance, phase angle) must be interpreted using algorithms. Two approaches coexist:
Relies on a unique model assuming constant body hydration (e.g. 73.3% of fat-free mass), identical for all.
The compartments are deduced from fixed coefficients.
Example:
Fast method but sensitive to physiological variations (hydration, pathologies, morphotypes).
Uses several independent models, each dedicated to a body compartment (total water, fat-free mass, fat mass, body cell mass, etc.).
Each compartment is calculated according to a specific algorithm derived from the measured bioelectrical properties.
Allows for determining the real hydration level of the fat-free mass, without arbitrary assumptions.
More consistent and precise analysis, adapted to individualized clinical monitoring.
Tetrapolar measurement uses four distinct electrodes: two to inject current and two to measure voltage. This separation of circuits ensures a precise, stable, and reproducible measurement, without influence from skin contact.
Unlike octopolar systems, which artificially segment the body and multiply sources of error, tetrapolar measurement provides a global reading, consistent with human physiology.
Recommended by ESPEN and the Haute Autorité de Santé, it constitutes the international reference method — and the basis of all Aminogram devices.
Our design approach relies on published data in order to guarantee accuracy consistent with reference methods. The algorithms integrated into our devices are derived from models validated in scientific literature, ensuring a reliable estimation of the various body compartments.
We have also conducted clinical evaluations confirming the accuracy of measurements for fat-free mass, fat mass, appendicular skeletal muscle mass, and bone mineral content. All results and methodological details are presented in our scientific booklet.
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La mesure de déphasage de la cellule ne dure que quelques microsecondes. La résistance et la distance pour acheminer, au travers des câbles, la mesure au circuit de mesure entraine un temps de réception du message qui sera fatalement additionné au temps de phase initial (DT) . Le résultat obtenu ne sera donc plus le résultat initial.
Les valeurs recueillies sous forme d’impédance, résistance, réactance, phase sont ensuite utilisées pour calculer les compartiments corporels au travers d’algorithmes ou par simples déductions mathématiques.
Les mesures peuvent selon les dispositifs être obtenues à une ou plusieurs fréquences. À une fréquence ils sont dénommés Monofréquence et à partir de 3 fréquences Multifréquences.
